Petroleum incandescent burner



(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 G. WASHINGTON.

PETROLEUM INGANDESGBNT BURNER.

Patented Feb. 2, 1897.

(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2. G. WASHINGTON.

PETROLEUM INGANDESOENT BURNER. No. 576,523. Patented Feb. 2, 1897.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

GEORGE IVASHINGTON, OF BRUSSELS, BELGIUM, ASSIGNOR TO J. WVESLEYALLISON, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

PETROLEUM INCANDESCENT BURNER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 576,523, dated February2, 1897.

Application filed September 17, 1896. Serial No. 606,164. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern..-

Be it .known that I, GEORGE WASHINGTON, a subject of the Queen ofEngland, residing at Brussels, in the Kingdom of Belgium, have inventedcertain new and useful Improvements in Petroleum Incandescent Burners,of which the following isa specification.

This invention relates to a new burner for incandescentpetroleum-lighting, having a vaporizing element of special form,provided with appropriate regulators, in combination with a specialmixture-chamber, and giving a flame equal to the Bunsen burner, andintended to bring to incandescence a mantle analogous to those used forincandescent gaslights.

In the annexed drawings, Figure-1 is a vertical section of thevaporizing element provided with means for the regulation of theadmission of the petroleum and of the escape of the vapors produced.Fig. 2 is a vertical section of a mixture-chamber in which is producedthe intimate mixture of the vapors with the air necessary for obtaininga Bunsen flame. Fig. 2 is a modification of the mixture-chamber shown inFig. Figs. 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 are different types of burners 'forincandescent petroleum-light realized by the combination of the elementsshown separately by Figs. 1 and 2.

In order to avoid the inconveniences the vaporization of the petroleumcauses in the use of capillary tubes, serpentine pipes, or any othervaporizing-tubes of small diameter, such as those hitherto used, whichare soon obstructed and put out of use by the carbon and other depositswhich are formed in these tubes, I use an evaporizing element of aspecial form, constituted by a straight tube 0, Fig. 1, which can beeasily cleaned, of a relatively large diameter, provided at the endwhere the vapors pass out with a dismountable nozzle B, provided with anescape-h ole O, the opening of which can be regulated by means of a pinA, operated by a lever L or by other appropriate arrangement mountedupon the joint R, upon which the tube 0 is fixed and by which theadmission of petroleum to the burner is effected.

The operation of the pin A can in no way be influenced by the hightemperature of the orifices of the tube 1.

burner, the parts submitted to friction being placed in the cold part ofthe vaporizer constituted by the joint R.

The admission of the petroleum to the vaporizing-tube O is regulated bymeans of a lever L,,provided with an eccentric e, operating upon avalve. In the position indicated on the drawings the eccentric e, thelever L being lifted, presses upon a diaphragm d, which operates upon avalve .9 and keeps the tube r, through which the petroleum pene tratesinto the vaporizer 0, closed. When the lever L is lowered, the eccentrice leaves the diaphragm cl and the valve 3, pushed back by thespringiness of the diaphragm, leaves the The petroleum then rises in thetube 0 and is vaporized in this apparatus, as described hereinafter. The

vapor produced escapes through the orifice o of the nozzle B, theregulating-pin A having been previously withdrawn more or less from thisopening.

The petroleum vapors leaving the tube C can be utilized in order tobring to incandescence a mantle analogous to those in use forincandescent gas-lights. However, the mixture of these vapors must bepreviously operated with the necessary quantity'of air for obtainingaBunsen flame. This mixture is effected by means of a-special chamber.(Represented separately in Fig. 2.) This chamber is preferablycomposedof a metal cylinder F, with which is connected eit her directly orindirectly, a metallic gauze M, and isprovided interiorly with a pipe H,communicating with the exterior by means of one or more branch tubes U.

In the example represented in Fig. 2 the tubes U are-exterior to themetallic cylinder F, and the metallic gauze M is omitted, the mixtureformed in the chamber being then conducted to the burner by one or moretubes K in place of through the gauze M.

If the mixture-chamber represented in Fig. 2'or 2 is combined with thealready-described vaporizing element, so that the vapors leaving theorifice 0 of the vaporizer are directed into the inner pipe H, thesevapors penetrat ing with force into said pipe provoke an aspiration ofair through the tubes II. This air is mixed with the petroleum vaporsand Lll is driven with these vapors against the closed end of thechamber F. The eddy effected by the shock of the vapors and of the airagainst the bottom of this chamber assures the intimate mixture of theair and of the vapors. This mixture then turns back and escapes from theapparatus, lcaving'through the metallic gauze M or the pipe K, outsideof which it can be lighted and utilized for the production of theincandescent light.

The two essential elements, the vaporizer and the mixture-chamber, canbe combined for this effect in different ways. As shown in Fig. 3, themixture-chamber F could be arranged simply above the vaporizer O, theflame bringing the inverted mantle M to incandescence and causingsimultaneously the vaporizing of the petroleum in the vaporizing-tube O,placed in the center of this flame.

One might equally adopt the arrangement of Fig. 4, based upon the samecombination of the two elements, but in which the flame bringingthemantle M to incandesce'nce is directed from below upward, thecombustible mixture of petroleum-vapors and of air being conducted forthis purpose through the tube K.

Fig. 5 shows as an example a combination of the mixture-cham ber and ofthe vaporizer allowing of using an ordinary Bunsen gasburner. In thiscombination the mixturechamber is arranged over the Vaporizer andconstituted by the usual gas-burner. In this case the evaporation of thepetroleum is caused by an auxiliary flame burning round the vaporizer Oand fed through a tube 25 with a small part of the combustible mixture.

Fig. 6 represents a combination of mixturechamber and vaporizer allowingthe simul taneous feeding of several incandescent burners by means ofonly one vaporizer. In this arrangement the vaporizer, surmounted by themixture-chamber F, is mounted upon a joint R, whence bran ch differentpipes conducting the combustible mixture to an equivalent number ofburners I. However, in this case the utilizing of the mixture being madeat a relatively great distance from the flame causing the evaporation,it is convenient to incline a little theadmission-pipes of the mixtureto the burners I, in order to favor the running back of petroleum (whichmight be the result of a partial condensation in these pipes) toward thejoint R, where the metallic parts are brought by the flame causing theevaporation to a sufficient temperature in order to assure thereevaporation of this liquid.

Fig. 7 represents a combination of the vaporizer and of themixture-chamber in which the vaporizer is inverted over themixturechamber, the admission of the petroleum being made from above,which arrangement will be advantageousin certain cases. In this examplethe vaporizing-tube O is provided interiorly with a second tube O,serving for the escape of the vapor. This arrangement is indispensable,in order to avoid the flow of liquid petroleum through the orifice ofescape of the petroleum-vapor.

One feature of importance in the construction and operation of myinvention as en1- bodied in Figs. 3 and 4 is that the vaporizing tubeand also the mixed air and vapor are directly heated by the' radiatedheat of the incandescent burner, and thus brought to and maintained at ahigh temperature, and consequently a more intimate mixture of the vaporand air is secured thanwould be possible in a structure wherein themixture of vapor and air is heated solely by the heat conducteddownwardly to the mixing-chamber through the metallic tube whichsupports the burner. One could thus by means of the e'vaporizing elementand the before-described mixturechamber realize a large number ofcombinations presenting all the same advantages, that is to say, first,facility of heating and cleaning the vaporizing element; second,non-liability of obstruction or of putting out of action of theapparatus in consequence of carbon or other deposits; third, absence ofinjurious condensation of the petroleum-vapors in the vaporizer inconsequence of a long passage in pipes in contact with cold walls;fourth, easy regulation of the intensity of the flame by means of a pin,reducing at pleasure the section of the escape-orifice in order to alloweven of obtaining a continually-burningpilotflame, obviating therelighting of the burner; fifth, intimate mixture of air and petroleumvapor; sixth, diminution of the velocity of out-flow of this mixture inconsequence of its passage into a special chamber and therefore economyof mantles which will not be broken, as before, by excessive pressure ofthe combustible mixture; seventh, continual rcevaporation of the slightcondensations which might be produced in the mixture-cl1amber, thelatter being directly submitted to the calorific action of the flame.

Having now particularly described my invention, I declare that What Iclaim is 1. In a hydrocarbon incandescent lamp, the combination with avaporizing-tube having an oil-su pply-regulatin g valve at one end and avapor-discharge nozzle at its other end, and an adjustable needle valveextending throughout the length of the vaporizing-tube and engagingwithin the discharge-nozzle, of a mixing-chamber and air-inlets arrangedto receive and mix the vaporized hydrocarbon and outer air, and anincandescent burner arranged to impart its heat directlyto thevaporizing-tube, substantially as set forth.

2. In a hydrocarbon incandescent lamp, the combination with avaporizing-tube provided with a discharge-nozzle, means for regulatingthe supply of oil to the tube, and a needlevalve for regulating andcontrolling the discharge of vapor, of a mixing-chamber and air-' inletslocated to receive and mix the vapor and outer air, and an incandescentburner arranged to impart its heat directly to the IIO vaporizing-tubeand also to the pipe through which mixed vapor and gas is conveyed tothe burner, substantially as set forth.

3. In ahydrocarbon incandescent lamp, the combination with avaporizing-tube provided with a discharge-nozzle; an adjustableneedle-valve for regulating the discharge of Vapor, means for regulatingthe supply of oil to the vaporizing-tube, and a mixing-chamber providedwith an air-inlet arranged to receive and mix the vapor and air, of anincandescent burner located below the mixing-chamber and arranged toimpart its heat directly to the vaporizing-tube, and to heat themixing-chamber and the air supplied thereto, substantially as set forth.

4:. In a hydrocarbon incandescent lamp, the combination with avaporizing-tube provided with a nozzle and needle-valve for controllingthe discharge of vapor and a mixing-chamber for receiving and mixing airand vapor, of an incandescent burner arranged and adapted to impart itsradiated heat directly to the vaporizing-tube and also to the mixed airand vapor as it flows to the burner, substantially as set forth.

5. In a hydrocarbon incandescent lamp, the combination with a vaporizingtube or receptacle provided with a discharge-nozzle, and a needle-valvefor controlling the discharge of vapor through the nozzle, of amixing-chamber located over said nozzle and constructed to receive andmix air and the hydrocarbon vapor, an incandescent burner. located belowthe mixing-chamber and a pipe or conduit leading downwardly from themixing-chamber to the incandescent burner, substantially as set forth.

6. In ahydrocarbon incandescent lamp, the combination with a tubeprovided at one end with a detachable nozzle, means for regulating thesupply of oil to the opposite end of the tube, and an adjustableneedle-valve extending through the entire length of the tube and adaptedto regulate the discharge of vapor, of an incandescent burner arrangedto impart its heat directly to the vaporizingtube, substantially as setforth.

7. In a hydrocarbon incandescent lamp, the combination with avaporizing-tube provided with a detachable discharge-nozzle, amixingchamber constructed and arranged to receive the jet of vaporizedhydrocarbon, and mix air therewith, and an incandescent burner locatedbelow the mixing-chamber and adjacent to the vaporizing-tube, of a pipeor conduit for conveying the mixed air and vapor from themixing-chamber, downwardly to the incandescent burner substantially asset forth.

8. In a hydrocarbon incandescent lamp, the combination with avaporizing-tube provided at one end with a discharge-nozzle, a valve forregulating the discharge of the vapor, means for regulating the supplyof oil to the tube, and a mixing-chamber for receiving and mixing vaporand air, of an incandescent burner arranged to impart its heat directlyto the vaporizing-tube, and a pipe for conveying the mixed vapor and airfrom the mixing-chamber to the incandescent burner, substantially as setforth.

9. Inahydrocarbon incandescent lamp, the combination with a continuousstraight vaporizing-tube provided at one end with a discharge-nozzle, avalve for regulating the discharge of vapor, and a mixing-chamberconstructed and arranged to receive the jet of vapor and commingle airtherewith, of anincandescent burner arranged to impart heat directly tothe vaporizing-tube, and to the mixed air and vapor,substantially as setforth.

10. In a hydrocarbon incandescent lamp, the combination with avaporizing-tube provided with a needle-valve for regulating thedischarge of vapor, a mixing-chamber constructed and arranged to receivethe jet of vapor and commingle air therewith, and a supply-pipe forconveying the mixed vapor and oil to the burner, of an incandescentburner arranged to impart heat directly and mixing-chamber constructedto receive the jet of vaporized oil and draw into and mix therewith asupply of outer air, and then to heat said mixture on its passage to theburner, of an incandescent burner arranged throughout its length inclose proximity to the vaporizing-tube whereby the oil therein is highlyheated, substantially as set forth.

12. In a hydrocarbon incandescent lamp, the combination withavaporizing-tube, mixing-chamber provided with air-inlets, and a pipefor conveying mixed vapor and air to the burner, of an incandescentburner arranged to impart its heat directly to the vaporizing-tube, andto heat the mixing-chamber, the air supplied thereto, and the pipethrough which the mixed oil and vapor is conveyed to the burner,substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof I have signed this specification in the presence oftwo subscribing witnesses.

GEORGE WASHINGTON.

Witnesses:

GEORGE BEDE, GREGORY 'PHELAN.

90 substantially throughout its entire length to

